Diabetes is a syndrome characterized by relative insulin deficiency, insulin resistance and increased hepatic glucose output. Medications used to treat the disease are designed to correct one or more of these metabolic abnormalities. Type 1 diabetes depend on exogenous insulin to prevent hyperglycemia and avoid ketoacidosis. Current recommendations of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) include diet and exercise as first-line therapy plus hypoglycemic drugs. The aim of this review is to describe the recent developments and future trends in the management of diabetes mellitus. Pancreas regeneration, islet cell transplantation, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, and various medication classes will be discussed.
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